Electrolytes and Osmotic Pressure in Inner Ear Fluids

Fluids and electrolytes.

The osmotic pressure and chemical composition of human body fluids.

The total osmotic pressure (osmolarity) of each of a series of true body fluids has been measured and compared with that of the corresponding serum. Included were ascitic, cerebrospinal, hydrocele, edema, pericardial, pleural, spermatocele, and synovial fluids. In each case, the fluid was found to have the same osmolarity as that of the corresponding serum within the limits of experimental erro...

Disorders of Fluids and Electrolytes

From the Department of Internal Medi­ cine, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Willemstad, Curaçao (K.B.); and the Division of Ne­ phrol ogy, Depart ment of Medicine, Leiden University Med ical Center, and Leiden University, Leiden (A.P.J.V.), and the De­ partment of Internal Medicine, Uni ver sity of Groningen, University Medical Cen ter Groningen, Groningen (R.O.B.G.) — both in the Netherlands. Address ...

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease- A Clinical Viewpoint

Recent developments in medicine have given us a better insight into a group of disorders known as autoimmune diseases. In particular, advances have occurred in our understanding of the Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED). In this article, the authors review the different postulated theories in the pathogenesis of this disease. The clinical presentation, the available para-clinical diagnostic to...

Fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.